Soya bean oil is the second leading vegetable oil traded in the international markets after palm. Palm and Soya bean oils together constitute around 68% global edible oil trade volume, & Soya bean oil alone constitutes of 22.85% of the whole.
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Soybean Oil World Scenario –A SNAP SHOT
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•World Production: U.S. (38%) is the biggest producer of soybeans followed by Brazil (13-18%) and Argentina (27-37%).
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•World Imports: China, Japan, Mexico, Taiwan and South East Asia are major importers of soybeans while India, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, South & Central American countries (Peru, Venezuela, Bolivia, Dominican Republic) and Africa (Egypt, Morocco) are major buyers of soya oil in world market.
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•World Exports: U.S. is the largest exporter of soybeans while Argentina is the biggest exporter of soy oil followed by Brazil.
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Hot talks………….. China, the world’s biggest user of cooking oils, and Argentina remain in talks about China’s embargo on imports of soybean oil from the South American nation.
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China imports all its soybean oil almost from Argentina and Brazil. India imports nearly 1 million tonnes of soya oil yearly from Argentina, Brazil and US. India imported 192649 tons of Crude Soya oil during June 2010. According to USDA, the country is estimated to import 1.19 million tonnes of soy oil for 2010-11, while China is estimated to import 2.15 million tonnes during the same period.
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China has frozen all Argentine soybean oil imports in retaliation for Buenos Aires decision to restrict imports of Chinese products. The Chinese blocking of Argentine soybean oil threatens a key hard currency earner for the South American nation, estimated at 2 billion US dollars for the current year.
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Domestic scenario: India is the sixth largest producer of soya oil with account of 4% of world production. In India, Madhya Pradesh produces estimated 53% of the country’s soybean followed by Maharashtra (34%) and Rajasthan (8%). It is sown during June-Jul period and harvested by October in India. The domestic production soyabeen is around 1.4 million ton in 2009-10. Almost 70 to 80% of total oilseed production is crushed for oil while the balance quantity goes for food, feed and seed use in the country.
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So total soya oil production is around 0.7-0-8 million ton in 2009-10, While annual consumption is around 2.0-2.2 million ton with a market value of `9000 crore.
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The above chart shows that during January-June 2010, imports of soya oil totalled almost 7.36 lt against 5.99 lt a year ago. According to the Solvent Extractors Association, the increased imports have resulted in inventories building up at the ports.
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Imports getting surge in December 2009 primarily in view of the kharif oilseeds crop hit by the erratic weather and the rupee’s rise against the dollar.
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Kharif production has been estimated at 161 lt against 178 lt last year. Rabi output, however, is seen marginally up at 101.31 lt against 99.11 lt a year ago.
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Spot markets of Indore and Mumbai serve as the ‘reference’ market for Soya oil prices.
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The prices in Indore reflects the domestically crushed soybean oil (refined and solvent extracted) while Mumbai price indicates the imported soy oil price.
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In exchanges….. Futures trading in soya oil essentially serve as the right tool for hedging against market-linked risk by all those in the value chain of the commodity- the soyabean producing farmers, processors, brokers, speculators, soyabean and meal traders, traders of other oilseeds and oils, etc.
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CBOT is the biggest exchange for soybean oil. In India, NCDEX and NBOT are the major exchanges for these commodities. Its contracts are traded with high liquidity. The domestic future prices of soya oil are largely influenced by the international edible price movements (especially Malaysian palm oil and soybean oil at CBOT), soybean availability in domestic markets, demand for meal and other associated supply-demand factors of soybean and its derivatives.
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Current scenario: Refined soyaoil futures is trading up with August and September contracts moving up by 0.45% and 0.54% respectively. August soyoil futures traded at `484.70 while September futures were at `487.50 per 10kg. Crude Soya oil import price is US$ 880 per ton at Mumbai port whereas Crude Palm oil import price is US$ 805 which indicates the difference of less than 10 percent between the two. There is zero import duty on crude soybean oil in India while it is 7.5% for refined oil.
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